Table of Contents

Preface 4
Introduction: What Is There to Photograph? 6
Exposure 8
Basic Theory of Exposure 10
The Non-Metered Exposure: ``Sunny f/16'' 16
Depth of Field vs. Shutter Speed 18
Calibrating Your Meter 22
Using Your Camera's Exposure Meter 24
Metering Some Unusual Situations 28
Autoexposure 30
Multiple Exposures 33
Long Exposures and Reciprocity Failure 34
Equipment and Film 36
Buying a Camera System 38
Tripods and Tripod Heads 44
Film 48
Pushing Film 52
Specialized Support Products 54
Filters 56
Graduated Neutral-Density Filters 59
TTL Flash 62
Lenses 68
What Lenses Do 70
Zoom Lenses vs. Fixed-Focal-Length Lenses 73
Wide-Angle Lenses 76
Normal Lenses 80
Short Telephoto Lenses: 80-200mm 82
Long Lenses: 300mm and Up 84
Teleconverters 88
Autofocus 92
Composition 96
Learning to See Photo-Graphically 98
Lighting 101
Working a Subject 104
Vertical or Horizontal? 106
Framing and Placement 108
Closeups 112
Defining a Closeup 114
Working Distance and Background Control 117
Extension 120
Supplementary Lenses 123
Using Zoom Lenses for Closeups 127
Macro Lenses 130
Closeup Flash 132
Higher Magnifications 136
Closeup Procedures 139
Working in the Field 142
Blinds 144
Aerials 147
Weather Concerns 150
My Personal Field Gear 153
A Nature Photographer's Calendar: A Seasonal 156
Guide to Locations Index 160