The Experience of Defeat: Milton and Some Contemporaries

The Experience of Defeat: Milton and Some Contemporaries

by Christopher Hill
The Experience of Defeat: Milton and Some Contemporaries

The Experience of Defeat: Milton and Some Contemporaries

by Christopher Hill

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Overview

What happened to the radicals when the English Revolution failed?

The Restoration, which re-established Charles II as king of England in 1660, marked the end of “God’s cause”—a struggle for liberty and republican freedom. While most accounts of this period concentrate on the court, Christopher Hill focuses on those who mourned the passing of the most radical era in English history. The radical protestant clergy, as well as republican intellectuals and writers generally, had to explain why providence had forsaken the agents of God’s work.

In The Experience of Defeat, Christopher Hill explores the writings and lives of the Levellers, the Ranters and the Diggers, as well as the work of George Fox and other important early Quakers. Some of them were pursued by the new regime, forced into hiding or exile; others compelled to recant. In particular Hill examines John Milton’s late work, arguing that it came directly out of a painful reassessment of man and society that impelled him to “justify the ways of God to Man.”

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781784786717
Publisher: Verso Books
Publication date: 01/31/2017
Sold by: Penguin Random House Publisher Services
Format: eBook
Pages: 352
File size: 525 KB

About the Author

Christopher Hill (1912–2003), born in York, was a historian and academic specializing in seventeenth-century English history. As a young man he witnessed the growth of the Nazi party firsthand during a prolonged holiday in Germany, an experience he later said contributed to the radicalization of his politics. He was master of Balliol College, University of Oxford, his alma mater, from 1965 to 1978. His celebrated and influential works include Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution; The World Turned Upside Down; and A Turbulent, Seditious and Fractious People: John Bunyan and His Church.

Table of Contents

Preface 9

Abbreviations 11

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 The First Losers, 1649-1651 29

1 Levellers

2 True Levellers

3 From Ranters to Muggletonians

Chapter 3 The Second Losers, 1653-1660 51

1 Fifth Monarchists: Preachers and Plebeians

2 Regicides

3 Sir Archibald Johnston of Wariston (?1610-63)

Chapter 4 Seekers 84

1 William Erbery (1604-54) in the Wilderness

2 William Sedgwick (?1610-69): Rethinking in Public

3 Isaac Penington (1616-79): From Ranter to Quaker

Chapter 5 Quakers, 1651-1661 129

1 Quakers and the Good Old Cause

2 James Nayler (1617-60): The 'Head Quaker'

3 Edward Burrough (1634-62): Quaker Politician

4 George Fox (1624-91) and the Peace Principle

5 After 1661

Chapter 6 Independents and Republicans 170

1 John Owen (1616-83): 'Cromwell's Archbishop'

2 Thomas Goodwin (1600-80)

3 Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) and the Revolutions of Christ

4 James Harrington (1611-77), Henry Neville (1620-94) and the Harringtonians

Chapter 7 Some Conservative Puritan Ministers 207

Chapter 8 Survivors 220

1 John (1607-81) and Samuel Pordage (1633-?91): The Epic of the Fall

2 Andrew Marvell (1621-78): Millenarian to Harringtonian

3 Henry Stubbe (1632-76): Private Rethinking

Chapter 9 Army, Saints, People 278

1 The Army and the Radicals

2 The Saints and 'the People'

3 Folds for Scattered Sheep

4 Other Losers

Chapter 10 Conclusion: Milton and the Experience of Defeat 297

1 The Apostasy and the Wilderness

2 The Anointing

3 God on Trial

4 Samson Agonistes

5 Harrington and Milton

Index 329

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