Table of Contents

Preface ix

Introduction to the Second Edition xi

Part I The 'Blackamoores" Presence (1555-1900)

1 Profits, Slavery and the Black Poor 1

The rise of African slavery

Profits

Pets and domestic servants

Liberty

Free black voices

Enemies and friends

The struggle of the black poor

2 Black Radicals and Black Women in Service 19

Robert Wedderburn

William Davidson

William Cuffay

Mary Prince: slave and 'servant'

Mary Seacole: 'nurse and doctress'

3 Post-Emancipation Developments: Indentureship and the Rise of Pan Africanism 36

The Indian diaspora: 'a new system of slavery'

Pan Africanism: origins and early development

Part II The 'Black Man's Burden' (1900-1962)

4 Britain, Empire and Labour 59

East Indian labour: the abolition of indentureship

The British labour movement and imperialism

Cardiff: black seamen and soldiers

Liverpool: 'negro' workers and race relations

5 The League of Coloured Peoples and Black Radical Groups 100

Harold Moody: black moderate (founder and leader of the LCP)

The formation of the League

The LCP: development and issues

The Cardiff crisis: local organisations and the LCP

The League and other black groups

Pan Africanists in the twentieth century

6 The Development of a Black Radical Ideology 143

The black intelligentsia in Britain during the 1920s and 1930s

Indian nationalism

The radicalisation of Pan Africanism

7 Post-war Immigration: Racism, Riot and Legislation 187

Housing

Employment

The riots of 1958

Reactions: prelude to control

Racial tension

Post-riots organizations

The General Election

Liberal groups

The door is shut

Part III The Black Working Class (1962-1986)

8 Capitalism, Class, Black Workers and Racial Disadvantage 233

Migrant labour and capitalism in Western Europe

The black community: urban deprivation

9 The Black Workers' Industrial Struggle 256

Industrial relations: the colonial context

Racial disadvantage in employment

Racial discrimination in employment

The struggle against the employers and trade unions

Black Caribbean women: nurses and ancillary workers

The textile industry

Black workers and the trade unions

Black workers and the trade unions: the British experience

In principle: TUC policy and resolutions

In practice: the disillusionment of black workers (alternative organisations)

Capitalism and curbs on discrimination

The black workers' response

10 Organisers and Organisations 370

Black Power and its advocates

Liverpool: 'Negro' associations

Asian workers' associations

The Asian workers' struggle and the IWAs 1968-1981

The Standing Conference of West Indian Organisations

Organisation from the top: CARD

The collapse of CARD

West Indian organisations in Moss Side and Easton

Black churches

Black organisations: the 1970s and 1980s

11 Black Working Class Consciousness 457

Black youth: the oppressed seen as a social problem

Racism and sexism

Black feminist responses

Gender, race and class

The oppressor: Blacks and the police

The police against the people

The police and the community

Race, class and autonomy

Black consciousness: spontaneous crowd violence

Black revolt

Conclusion

Appendix I Aims and Objects of the IWA-GB 509

Appendix II Organisations Affiliated to the West Indian Standing Conference in 1966 511

Appendix III The Aims and Objects of the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination 513

Appendix IV Organisations That Sent Delegates or Observers to the National Founding Convention of CARD in July 1965 514

Appendix V Black Women's Groups and Organisations 516

Appendix VI James Townsend: Pioneering Black Politician 518

References 525

Bibliography 563

Index 610